Civil society, as articulated by Vanessa Andreotti, refers to the arena of uncoerced collective action around shared interests, purposes, and values that exist outside of the spheres of government, business, and familial relationships. It encompasses a diverse array of organizations, networks, and movements that engage in advocacy, activism, and service provision to amplify marginalized voices and address systemic injustices. Civil society is seen not merely as a set of institutions but as a space of critical engagement where individuals and groups can challenge dominant paradigms, imagine alternative futures, and foster solidarities rooted in principles of equity and social justice. It plays a crucial role in creating and maintaining participatory democracies by facilitating dialogue, nurturing empathy, and cultivating a sense of shared responsibility for the common good.

See also: citizenship education, indigenous community, global citizenship, economic justice